Chimwe chezvakakosha zvemuchina chishandiso spindle uye turntable inoita basa rekuita mukuita kwechishandiso chemuchina.

Spindlekubereka

Sechikamu chakakosha chechishandiso chemuchina, kuita kweiyo spindle kuchakanganisa zvakananga kutenderera, kumhanya, kusimba, kukwira kwekushisa, ruzha uye mamwe ma paramita emuchina chishandiso, icho chinozokanganisa kunaka kwekugadzirisa kwechishandiso, chakadaro. seyakaita dimensional kurongeka kwechikamu, kushata kwepamusoro uye zvimwe zviratidzo. Naizvozvo, kuitira kuchengetedza yakanakisa machining kugona kwematurusi emuchina, yakakwirira-inoshanda mabearings inofanirwa kushandiswa. Kurongeka kwemabhengi anoshandiswa pamuchina wemidziyo spindles kunofanirwa kunge kuri ISO P5 kana pamusoro (P5 kana P4 ndeye ISO accuracy mamakisi, kazhinji P0, P6, P5, P4, P2 kubva pasi kusvika kumusoro), uye yekumhanya-mhanya CNC muchina maturusi, machining. nzvimbo, etc. ma spindle bearings anosanganisira angular contact ball bearings, tapered roller bearings, uye cylindrical roller bearings.

1. Kururamaangular contact ball bearings

Pakati pemhando dzataurwa pamusoro apa dzemabheya, kunyatsoona angular contact ball bearings (ona Mufananidzo 2) ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa. Isu tese tinoziva kuti izvo zvinotenderedza zvinhu zveangular kusangana bhora mabhora mabhora; nokuti inzvimbo yekubatana (yakasiyana nemutsara wekusangana kwemaroller bearings), inogona kupa kukurumidza kwepamusoro, kuderera kwekupisa kwekupisa uye kutenderera kwepamusoro Kururamisa. Mune mamwe e-ultra-high-speed spindle applications, mahybrid bearings ane ceramic balls (kazhinji Si3N4 kana Al2O3) inoshandiswawo. Kuenzaniswa nemabhora esimbi echinyakare akaomeswa zvizere, hunhu hweceramic bhora zvinhu zvinopa ceramic bhora mabearings ane kuoma kwakanyanya, kumhanya kwakanyanya, kupisa kwekushisa kwepamusoro, uye hupenyu hurefu, kuitira kuzadzisa zvinodiwa nevatengi vepamusoro-soro kune zvigadzirwa zvemuchina.

2. Kururamatapered roller bearings

Mune mamwe maturusi emuchina ane mitoro inorema uye zvimwe zvinodikanwa zvekumhanya-sekukuya kwefogi, muchina unotenderedza waya wepombi dzepetroleum, heavy-duty lathes nemichina yekugaya, nezvimwewo, kusarudza chaiyo tapered roller bearings imhinduro yakanaka. Nekuti ma rollers eiyo tapered roller bearing akagadzirwa mumutsara wekubatana, anogona kupa yakakwirira rigidity uye mutoro wekutakura kune iyo huru shaft; uyezve, iyo tapered roller fani ndeye yakachena rolling inotakura dhizaini, iyo inogona kuderedza kubereka kushanda zvakanaka. Torque uye kupisa kuve nechokwadi chekumhanya uye kurongeka kweiyo spindle. Sezvo tapered roller bearings inogona kugadzirisa axial preload (clearance) panguva yekuisa maitiro, izvi zvinobvumira vatengi kuti vagone kukwidziridza kutakura clearance kugadziridzwa mukati mehupenyu hwese hwekutakura.

3. Precision cylindrical roller bearings

Mukushandiswa kwemichina yekushandisa spindles, kaviri mutsara kunyatsojeka cylindrical roller mabhengi anoshandiswawo, kazhinji musanganiswa neangular yekubata bhora mabearings kana thrust bearings. Rudzi urwu rwekutakura runogona kumirisana neyakakura radial mitoro uye inobvumira kumhanya kwakanyanya. Mitsara miviri yema rollers mukutakura yakarongedzwa nenzira yakayambuka, uye kushanduka kwehuwandu panguva yekutenderera kwakakwirira zvikuru kupfuura iyo yemutsara mumwe chete wekutakura, uye amplitude inoderedzwa ne 60% kusvika 70%. Mhando iyi yekubereka inowanzova nemhando mbiri: NN30, NN30K maviri akatevedzana mabheji ane mbabvu pane yemukati mhete uye inoparadzaniswa yekunze mhete; NNU49, NNU49K maviri akatevedzana mabheji ane mbabvu pamhete yekunze uye inopatsanurika mhete yemukati, pakati payo NN30K uye NNU49K yakatevedzana Iyo yemukati mhete igomba rakatemerwa (taper 1:12), iro rinofananidzwa netapered jenari reiyo shaft huru. Mhete yemukati inogona kufambiswa axially kuti iwedzere mhete yemukati, kuitira kuti iyo inotakura clearance inogona kuderedzwa kana kunyange pre-yakaomeswa kutakura (negative clearance state). Mabearings ane cylindrical bores anowanzo kupisa akaiswa, achishandisa kupindira kwakakodzera kuderedza kutakura clearance, kana pre-kusimbisa fani. Kune NNU49 akatevedzana mabheji ane mhete yemukati inopatsanurika, mujaho unowanzo gadziriswa mushure mekunge mhete yemukati yakashongedzerwa neshaft huru yekuvandudza kutenderera kweiyo shaft huru.